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Stress-Strain Curve
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Parameters
Yield Strength σ_y (MPa)
Ultimate Tensile Strength (MPa)
Fracture Strain (%)
Key Concepts
•
Elastic region:
stress proportional to strain — slope is Young's modulus E
•
Yield point:
onset of permanent plastic deformation
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Strain hardening:
material strengthens as dislocations accumulate
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UTS:
maximum engineering stress; necking begins here
•
Toughness
= area under the curve (energy absorbed per unit volume)
• Steel: σ_y ≈ 250 MPa, UTS ≈ 400 MPa. Aluminium: σ_y ≈ 270 MPa (6061-T6)
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