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  1. /
  2. Physics
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  4. Doppler Effect
⚛️ PhysicsGraph

Doppler Effect

See how observed frequency changes as a source moves toward or away from an observer. Explore the relationship between source speed and frequency shift.

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Key Concepts

  • • f_obs = f₀ · v / (v − vₛ) for a stationary observer, source speed vₛ (positive = approaching)
  • • Approaching source: wavefronts bunch up → higher observed frequency (blue shift)
  • • Receding source: wavefronts stretch out → lower frequency (red shift)
  • • As vₛ → v (Mach 1), f_obs → ∞ — the sonic boom scenario
  • • Astronomers use red-shift of light to measure galaxy recession velocities (Hubble's law)

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Simulation

Projectile Motion

Simulate projectile motion with adjustable angle, velocity, and gravity. See trajectory, range, and max height in real time.

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Simple Harmonic Motion

Graph displacement and velocity of a mass-spring or pendulum system over time. Adjust amplitude, frequency, and phase to explore SHM.

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Wave Interference

Superpose two waves with adjustable amplitudes and phase difference. See constructive and destructive interference patterns emerge.

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Boyle's Law

Visualise the inverse relationship between pressure and volume at constant temperature. Plot isotherms for multiple temperatures.

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Charles's Law

Explore the direct proportionality between volume and absolute temperature at constant pressure. Extrapolation reveals absolute zero.

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Capacitor Charge & Discharge

Plot the exponential decay of voltage and current as a capacitor discharges through a resistor. Adjust R and C to see how the time constant τ = RC changes.

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Radioactive Decay

Model exponential radioactive decay. Adjust the half-life to see how the number of undecayed nuclei and activity change over time.

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Blackbody Radiation

Plot Planck's spectral radiance curves at multiple temperatures. See Wien's displacement law shift the peak wavelength as temperature changes.

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V–I Characteristics

Compare voltage-current relationships for an ohmic resistor, a filament lamp, and a diode. See where Ohm's law holds and where it breaks down.

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Gravitational Fields

Plot gravitational field strength against distance from a planet. See the inverse-square law outside and linear variation inside a uniform sphere.

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Nuclear Binding Energy

Plot binding energy per nucleon against mass number using the semi-empirical mass formula. Identify the iron-56 peak and the fission and fusion regions.

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